Inputs, Monitoring and Fate Modelling of Antifouling Biocides in UK Estuaries

摘要: Abstract The use of antifouling paints containing tributyltin as a biocide is now limited to vessels greater than 25 m in length. Consequently, manufacturers have introduced additional biocides which are generally used combination with copper. These termed booster biocides, and currently there nine approved for on leisure craft. environmental impact tribuyltin copper the environment well documented. However potential other cause pollution has not been quantified. A survey was therefore performed determine quantity each released coastal waters. Copper(I) oxide highest quantities followed by diuron, thiocyanate, Irgarol 1051, zinc pyrithione dichlofluanid. Monitoring studies agreed survey, concentrations being diuron irgarol. High were also observed, probably arising from sacrificial anodes. Generally, predictions concentrations, obtained using an existing exposure model, similar measured indicating that this model useful screening tool risk assessment purposes.