Handbook of applied superconductivity

摘要: List of Contributors Foreword Preface VOLUME 1: FUNDAMENTAL THEORY, BASIC HARDWARE, AND LOW TEMPERATURE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION The Evolution Superconducting Theories (A. Golubov) Type II Superconductivity High-Temperature SUPERCONDUCTING WIRES CABLES Field Distribution in Superconductors Campbell) Current (S. Takacs) Stability Wires and Cables Normal zone composites (R. Mints) Flux jump instability Practical stability design (L. Bottura) Cable-in-conduits Losses Introduction to AC losses Hysteresis superconductors Coupling-current cables-analytical calculations (J. Duchateau, B. Turck, D. Ciazynski) Numerical (E. Niessen A. Roovers) Rutherford-Type Cables-Interstrand Coupling Currents Verweij) Cable-in-Conduit Duchateau) Measurement Techniques for the Characterization Critical temperature (J Cave) fields current wires (B. Seeber) measurements superconducting by transformer method (P. Fabbricatore R. Musenich) cables (I. Hlasnik, L. Jansak, M. Majoros) Commercially Available Conductors DC applications (H. Krauth) Low Tc 50/60 Hz (T. Verhaege, Y. Laumond, Lacaze) New Chevrel phases General aspects high-temperature superconductor tapes Tenbrink) case Bi(2223) Flukiger G. Grasso) MAGNETS Basics Magnet Design (F. Zerobin Aspects Manufacturing Quench Propagation Protection (K. Mess) Radiation Effects on Fusion Components Weber) COOLING FOR SUPERCONDUCTORS Properties Cryogens (V. Arp Richardson) Dielectric Gerhold) Thermodynamics Cryocycles Refrigerators Quack) Examples Cryogenic Plants (M. Wanner Ziegler) Small Cryocoolers Ravex) Magnetic Refrigeration Seyfert) Cryostats (N. Balshaw) Bath Superfluid Helium Cooling (G. Claudet) Leads Herrmann) Forced Forced-flow cooling magnets Horvath). Some cryogenic pumps (Hofmann) Safety with INSTRUMENTATION Fluid-Level Indicators Casas) Gas Flow-Rate Meters Pressure Gases Liquids Zichy) Thermometry Pavese) Methods Instrumentation Measurements Henrichsen, C. Reymond, Tkatchenko) MATERIALS AT TEMPERATURES Mechanical Engineering Metals Alloys Basic tensile properties Obst) Structural stainless steel materials Nyilas) Temperature Fiber Composites Hartwig) Electrical Resistivity (B Thermal Conductivity Seeber G White) Specific Heat (G Expansion Thermoelectric (A Kaiser, C Uher) 2: APPLICATIONS PRESENT OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY Ultra-High-Field Magnets Research Applications (N Kerley) Medical, Biological, Chemical NMR spectroscopy chemical (W. Tschopp Laukien) resonance imaging spectroscopy, medical Muller Hopfel) SQUID sensors (O. Dossel, David, Fuchs, H. Wischmann) Thermonuclear (TORE SUPRA) Particle Accelerators (dipoles, multipoles) Perin Leroy) Synchrotron X-Ray Sources Wilson) Separation Watson) High-Frequency Cavities Weingarten) A Transportation System Suzuki, K. Sawada, S. Fujiwara, Kakamichi) Bearings Coombs) Shielding POWER An Power Appleton Prothero) Synchronous Machines Generators field windings Koefler) Motors Fully generators Tixador) Direct Transformers (Y. Laumond) Transmission Fault Limiters Verhaege Energy Storage fast-acting SMES systems Lorenzen, U. Brammer, Harke, Rosenbauer) Impact SC magnet energy storage power system operation Handschin T. Stephanblome) ELECTRONICS Josephson Junctions Rogalla) Sensors Flokstra) Single Quantum Electronics (Nakajima) Voltage Standards (Niemeyer) Signal Processing Analogue processing passive devices Analogue-digital converters Gerritsma) Electromagnetic Wave Receivers detection antennas Hartemann) heterodyne receivers Noguchi S-C Shi) Glossary Index