Urinary and hepatic disorders in neonatal foals

摘要: Abstract Urinary tract dysfunction, such as acute renal failure, ruptured urinary tract, placental dysfunction (non-renal azotemia), candida cystitis, and infected/patent urachus, is commonly seen in neonatal foals. The diagnosis management relies upon the clinical signs, measurement of serum chemistries, urinalysis, ultrasonographic examination umbilical structures. Treatment failure with crystalloids, colloids, vasopressors, furosemide, mannitol, dialysis discussed. An indwelling catheter placed to monitor urine output prevent rupture bladder. Nephrotoxic drugs should be used only euvolemic foals that are producing an adequate amount urine. Guidelines for prevention nephrotoxic provided. Liver disease uncommon foals, although frequently septicemic have increased liver enzymes bilirubin values without any underlying disease. Differential diagnoses include Bacillus piliformis (Tyzzer's Disease), equine herpes virus-1 infections, hepatic damage secondary isoerythrolysis, biliary obstruction duodenal ulceration, vein infections. Portosystemic shunts congenital deficiency ammonia metabolism Morgan often lead central nervous system signs at 6–12 weeks age, not considered disorders period. based on increases enzymes, bile acid concentrations, electrolyte ultrasound structures liver, ancillary diagnostic tests transrectal portoscintigraphy, positive-contrast portography, biopsy gastrointestinal barium study.