Myelin Repair: From Animal Models to Humans.

摘要: It is widely thought that brain repair does not occur, but myelin regeneration provides clear evidence to the contrary. Spontaneous remyelination may occur after injury or in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, efficiency of varies considerably between MS patients and lesions each patient. Myelin essential for optimal functional recovery, so a profound understanding cells mechanisms involved this process required development new therapeutic strategies. In review, we describe how animal models modern cell tracing imaging methods have helped identify types regeneration. addition oligodendrocyte progenitor identified 1990s as principal source remyelinating central nervous system (CNS), other populations, including subventricular zone-derived neural progenitors, Schwann cells, even spared mature oligodendrocytes, more recently emerged potential contributors CNS remyelination. We will also highlight conditions known limit endogenous repair, such aging, chronic inflammation, production extracellular matrix proteins, role astrocytes microglia these processes. Finally, present discrepancies observations humans rodents, discussing relationship findings experimental humans. These considerations are particularly important from standpoint.