The immobilization of high level radioactive wastes using ceramics and glasses

摘要: An overview is given of the immobilization high level radioactive waste (HLW) and surplus materials from a variety commercial defence sources employing glass ceramic hosts. A number specific host are reviewed, including borosilicate phosphate glasses, glass-ceramics crystalline ceramics. Topics covered include wasteform processing manufacture, in addition to stability, durability mechanical behaviour. Although, at present time, generally accepted first generation for HLW, emergence new requiring has renewed interest many alternative candidates. These include, particular, titanate, zirconate based ceramics, together with iron glasses basaltic glass-ceramics. The relative merits limitations each material compared discussed, particular reference considerations current likely future requirements.