Assessing the Ecological Status of European Rivers and Lakes Using Benthic Invertebrate Communities: A Practical Catalogue of Metrics and Methods

摘要: The Water Framework Directive requires that the ecological status of surface waters be monitored and managed if necessary. A central function in assessment has Biological Quality Elements—organisms inhabiting waters—by indicating human impact on their habitat. For benthic invertebrates, a wide array national methods are used, but to date no comprehensive summary metrics is available. In this study, we summarize invertebrate community used systems assess rivers, (very) large lakes. Currently, assemblages 26 for 13 very 21 lakes EU. majority systems, same modules used. Red Queen’s race ecosystem management may disadvantage as these module likely depict stressors there growing evidence aquatic ecosystems subject highly differentiated, complex multiple stressor impacts. Method development should fostered identify rank impacts multi-stressor environments. DNA-based biomonitoring 2.0 offers detect with greater accuracy—if new tools calibrated.