A Left Approach to Development

摘要: The term “development” has almost become synonymous with the achievement of a high rate growth gross domestic product (GDP). It used to be claimed at one time that benefits rapid expansion GDP would automatically “trickle down” poor, so could very legitimately looked upon as summum bonum development effort. This claim however been obviously discredited few make it now. argument replaced states even if there is no automatic down”, larger enables State garner resources through taxation, and hence spend more for benefit poor. A GDP, by inference therefore, according this argument, necessary condition “development”, though not sufficient believed earlier. articulated instance in Planning Commission’s Approach Paper Eleventh Five-Year Plan, comes same conclusion earlier one, namely but avoids intellectually untenable morally questionable concepts like down”. entire approach will referred below “means-based approach” development, since believes essence problem consists simply expanding sum total available means production consumption.