Production in intensive and recycle systems

摘要: The production of tilapia is most widely associated with tropical or sub-tropical semi-intensive pond systems, and it towards these described elsewhere in this text, that significant research activity development interest has focused. As for other warm-water species, advantages culture are recognized simple artisanal rural food supply. Semi-intensive intensive cage can also be viable a range circumstances, from small to large scale (Beveridge, 1996; Costa-Pierce, 1995), contribute usefully livelihoods. However, moved along parallel direction, involving heavily stocked ponds, tanks raceways, normally as commercial enterprises better resourced locations, supplying more developed markets. Such systems characterized by their substantial dependence on water exchange external feeding, therefore designated intensive; many cases, given the extremely high stocking densities employed, very controlled management term super-intensive may appropriate. Production ranges 100—500 tha-1 yr-1 typical.