Incorporation of aurochs into a cattle herd in Neolithic Europe: single event or

摘要: Domestication is an ongoing process continuously changing the lives of animals and humans environment. For majority European cattle (Bos taurus) genetic archaeozoological evidence support initial domestication ca. 11’000 BP in Near East from few founder aurochs primigenius) belonging to mitochondrial DNA T macro-haplogroup. Gene flow between wild P haplogroup domestic haplogroup, coexisting over thousands years, appears have been sporadic. We report ancient for incorporation stock into a herd Neolithic lake-dwelling Switzerland. A complete metacarpus small compact adult bovid morphologically genetically female. With withers height 112 cm, it comparable size with contemporaneous sites area. The bone directly dated 3360–3090 cal BC associated Horgen culture, period secondary products revolution. cow possessed novel mtDNA haplotype variant aurochs. argue this either single event or, based on osteological characteristics cattle, rare instance intentional breeding female