Seasonal and geographic variation in insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti in southern Ecuador.

摘要: Insecticide resistance (IR) can undermine efforts to control vectors of public health importance. Aedes aegypti is the main vector resurging diseases in Americas such as yellow fever and dengue, recently emerging chikungunya Zika fever, which have caused unprecedented epidemics region. Vector remains primary intervention prevent outbreaks Aedes-transmitted diseases. In many high-risk regions, like southern Ecuador, we limited information on IR. this study, Ae. IR was measured across four cities Ecuador using phenotypic assays genetic screening for alleles associated with pyrethroid Bottle bioassays showed significant inter-seasonal variation deltamethrin, a commonly used by Ministry Health, alpha-cypermethrin, well between-city differences deltamethrin resistance. There also difference response organophosphate, Malathion, between two during second sampling season. Frequencies resistant V1016I genotype ranged from 0.13 0.68. F1534C 0.63 1.0, sampled populations Machala Huaquillas at fixation all seasons. Portovelo, there were statistically frequencies V1016I. Resistance levels highest Machala, city hyperendemic dengue transmission historically intense insecticide use. Despite evidence that conferred pyrethroids, not precise correspondence these indicators. For gene, 17.6% homozygous mutant mosquitoes 70.8% heterozygotes susceptible, while 45.6% mutants 55.6% susceptible. This study shows spatiotemporal variability coastal provides an initial examination region, helping guide aegypti.