Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis as mechanisms of vascular network formation, growth and remodeling.

摘要: Two distinct mechanisms, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis implement the formation of vascular network in embryo. Vasculogenesis gives rise to heart first primitive plexus inside embryo its surrounding membranes, as yolk sac circulation. Angiogenesis is responsible for remodeling expansion this network. While refers situ differentiation growth blood vessels from mesodermal derived hemangioblasts, comprises two different mechanisms: endothelial sprouting intussusceptive microvascular (IMG). The process based on cell migration, proliferation tube formation. IMG divides existing vessel lumens by insertion tissue folds columns interstitial into lumen. latter are termed or inter-vascular structures (ITSs) pillars posts. Intussusception also includes establishment new loop wall large veins. molecular regulation these mechanisms discussed respect most important positive regulators, factor (VEGF) receptors flk-1 (KDR) flt-1, Angiopoietin/tie system ephrin-B/EpH-B system. cellular pathological state summarized differences physiological elaborated.