Effects of environment and land-use history on upland forests of the Cary Arboretum, Hudson Valley, New York.

摘要: GLITZENSTEIN, J. S., C. D. CANHAM, M. McDoNNELL AND R. STRENG (Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545). Effects environment and land-use history on upland forests the Cary Arboretum, Hudson Valley, New York. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 1 17: 106-122. 1990.-Relationships vegetation to were investigated in Mary Flagler Arboretum Valley Vegetation data obtained from 76 I/2 ha circular plots randomly located within forest. Environmental collected at each plot included slope, aspect, canopy openness, soil texture nutrients, topographic position, presence exposed rock; gravimetric moisture was determined weekly during 1985 for a subsample 25 stands. Land-use information came historical records (land deeds U.S. N.Y.S. census records), stone-fence locations, landscape patterns stand ages, an old aerial photograph, soils data. analyses identified three major community types. One group stands, dominated by chestnut oak (Quercus prinus L.) northern red rubra L.), occurred steep, rocky, upper slope sites never cleared agriculture. Distinct vertical stratification dominant species these stands is consistent with probable intensive selective cutting early this century. Both other types primarily abandoned agricultural land. Stands white alba black velutina Lam.) pignut hickory (Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet) tended occur lower elevations nutrient poor probably derived pastures. The significantly more open less distinct trees, diverse herbaceous understory frequently including grasses sedges, also suggests very gradual invasion onto pasture sites. third type, maple (Acer rubrum pine (Pinus strobus finer textured, rocky field possibly cultivation. Comparison current witness tree land survey that oak-black oakhickory type prevalent prior forest clearing, but has declined importance relative past 100 years abandonment