Application of remote and in situ information to the management of wetlands in Poland

摘要: The protection and regeneration of wetlands has been crucial importance as a goal in ecological re- search nature conservation for some time is more important than ever now. Knowledge about the biophysical properties wetlands' vegetation retrieved from satellite images enables us to improve monitoring these unique areas, which are otherwise very often impenetrable therefore dif- ficult examine, analyze assess by means site visits. Biebrza Wetlands situated North-East part Poland one largest areas made up marshes swamps entire EU. This still wildest least destroyed, damaged or changed human impact. However, recent decades there have attempts intensify overexploit natural resources region implement new agriculture practices area. In this period, drainage canals built, good deal area drained. precious ecosystem covers 25 494 ha. valuable peat with species special birds most Europe 1995 was added list Ramsar sites. investigation River Valley carried out at ground level taking measurements soil moisture, evapotranspiration, Leaf Area Index, wet dry biomass levels water meteorological parameters. Also examined were radiative temperature, detailed mapping, APAR. For years deterioration lands noticed due drying frequent outbreak fires. consequence succession appearance ecosystems. Remote Sensing Centre Institute Ge- odesy Cartography undertaken applying ERS-2.SAR ENVISAT ASAR IS2 IS4 VV, HH, HV polarization purpose modeling moisture humidity changes under investigation. also aimed finding best characterize marshland habitats its changes. At same registering microwave data, optical data Landsat ETMþ, SPOT VEGETATION, ERS-2.ATSR, MERIS, NOAA/AVHRR registered information heat fluxes sensible latent calculated. indices calculated EO into account jointly features responsible reflection various bands combining several spectral bands. Also, extracting backscattering coefficients two SAR that taken similar period year but gap 5 years. retention, changes, evapotranspiration all estimates CO 2