Detection of malformations in sea urchin plutei exposed to mercuric chloride using different fluorescent techniques.

摘要: Embryos of Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and subtropical Echinometra mathaei were exposed to 5,10, 15 20µgL(-1), 1, 2, 3 4µgL(-1) mercuric chloride (HgCl2), respectively. The effective concentration (EC50) inducing malformation in 50% 4-arm pluteus stage (P4) was 16.14µgL(-1) for P. 2.41µgL(-1) E. mathaei. Two-photon (TP), second (SHG) third harmonic generation (THG) microscopy techniques, TUNEL staining, propidium iodide (PI) Hoechst 33342 probes used detect light signals or stain apoptotic necrotic cells fixed alive plutei. Signals detected differently the two species: TP fluorescence, commonly associated with cells, did not increase increasing HgCl2 concentrations fact, reveal induction apoptosis. PI fluorescence increased a dose-dependent manner, suggesting loss cell permeability. In plutei at concentrations. THG revealed skeletal rods both species. Different fluorescent this study, are proposed as early-warning systems visualize malformations physiological responses