摘要: Galaxies and the first stars in universe formed billions of years ago as a result cooperative effects gravitational collapse nonequilibrium chemistry. Gravity drew primordial gas together into lumps; formation molecules universe, simple diatomic like H2, H2 +, HD, HeH+, LiH, LiH+, may then have ensured that heat generated by shock waves was radiated away rapidly enough to allow fragmentation these gaseous lumps proceed point forming galaxies. We briefly mention few latest studies this chemistry, including evolving intergalactic medium (IGM) Cold Dark Matter (CDM) model cosmology radiative shocks early universe.