A comparison of legal policy against alien species in New Zealand, the United States and Japan - can a better regulatory system be developed?

摘要: Legal policy to regulate alien species is discussed. approaches of New Zealand, the United States and Japan are reviewed compared legal structural strengths weaknesses current systems identified. Based on this, a comprehensive regulatory system proposed. Regulations GMO LMOs included insofar as they relevant this discussion. In economic damage caused by invasive species, especially insect pests, aquatic organism weeds, has lead some strengthening measures. For example, Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention Control Act 1990, National Invasive Species 1996 were enacted prevent introduction spread nuisance such zebra mussel, through ballast water exchange in Great Lakes but have not been applied nationally. promulgated Alien 2004 measure against species. However, these statutes insufficient because "dirty list" approach bureaucratic sectionalism. Zealand tries solve problems implementing "Biosecurity Strategy". The strategy includes legislation Biosecurity Hazardous Substances Organisms (HSNO) implemented with tight intra-agency coordination. Especially, Zealand's HSNO calls for application "precautionary approach," implements "clean approach. shown recent debate genetic modification (GM) making public decisions embodying precautionary complex issue. conclusion, author recommends risk management "Clean approach, regimes input, critical components development structures address