Using Enthesis Robusticity to Infer Activity in the Past: A Review

摘要: In bioarchaeological studies, entheseal change is commonly used to infer patterns of activity in past populations. This category skeletal modification includes both pathological changes (enthesopathies) and size, shape surface complexity (robusticity). Despite the recent impetus reassess use enthesopathies as markers activity, robusticity has received little critical attention. this review, we key assumptions that underpin drawing on anatomical, physiological, biomechanical sports medicine literature sources. We find that, whilst there some evidence support assumption variation enthesis reflects different patterns, known about process through which produced. Presently, stimuli (dynamics muscle or size) for adaptation are ill-defined, a situation limits our interpretive abilities. Consideration bone functional principles relationship entheses soft tissue also highlights how other factors, such age, sex genetic background, may influence obscure activity-related adaptation. Understanding these factors helps define studies should be controlled, but further research required clarify interact with development precise between robusticity. Ultimately, review emphasises structures their morphological development. Any interpretation from approached caution, circumstances, endeavour ill-advised.