Epigenetic events regulating monoallelic gene expression

摘要: In mammals, generally it is assumed that the genes inherited from each parent are expressed to similar levels. However, now apparent in non-sex chromosomes, 6-10% of selected for monoallelic expression. Monoallelic expression or allelic exclusion established either an imprinted (parent-of-origin) a stochastic manner. The model explains random selection while describes parent-of-origin specific alleles Allelic occurs during X chromosome inactivation, and cell surface molecules, clustered protocadherin (PCDH) genes. Mis-regulation loss contributes developmental diseases. Epigenetic mechanisms fundamental players determine this type despite homogenous genetic background. DNA methylation histone modifications two mediators epigenetic phenomena. majority found on cytosines CpG dinucleotide mammals. Several covalent histones change electrostatic forces between modifying gene Long-range chromatin interactions organize into transcriptionally permissive prohibitive regions leading simultaneous regulation repression. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) also regulating Together, these fine-tune levels essential normal development survival. review, first we discuss what known about Then, focus molecular regulate three monoallelically classes: X-linked genes, PCDH