Variation in male mating behaviour within ungulate populations: patterns and processes

摘要: Intraspecific variation in male mating behaviour is widespread ungulates. Such particularly dramatic when it takes distinct forms, and these discrete behavioural patterns are called alternative tactics. Alternative tactics ungulates include female-defence, resource-defence, lekking. I review processes within (as separate from between) ungulate populations. Across ungulates, the greatest diversity of typically shown by lekking Males rarely show irreversible patterns, but often switch between two or more Overall, most likely maintained as a conditional strategy influenced multiple internal factors (especially age, health, body size) external (particularly density at small, local scales). Much work remains to be done on costs benefits associated with different tactics, proximate mechanisms, role frequency-dependent selection, evolution female behaviour.