Energy, economic, and environmental analysis of a flat-plate solar collector operated with SiO2 nanofluid

摘要: To overcome the environmental impact and declining source of fossil fuels, renewable energy sources need to meet increasing demand energy. Solar thermal is clean infinite, suitable be a good replacement for fuel. However, current solar technology still expensive low in efficiency. One effective ways efficiency collector utilize high conductivity fluid known as nanofluid. This research analyzes on performance, flow, heat transfer, economic, environment flat-plate by using silicon dioxide nanofluid absorbing medium. The analysis based different volume flow rates varying nanoparticles fractions. study has indicated that nanofluids containing small amount have higher transfer coefficient also exergy than base fluids. measured viscosity water but it gives negligible effect pressure drop pumping power. Using SiO2 could save 280 MJ more embodied energy, offsetting 170 kg less CO2 emissions having faster payback period 0.12 years compared conventional water-based collectors.