Fruits and vegetables and the risk of epithelial cancer

摘要: In this thesis, prospective studies on fruit and vegetable consumption in relation to epithelial cancer risk were described. The main research question was whether higher intakes related lower risks of cancers, mainly lung cancer. the Seven Countries Study, at population level, fruits, vegetables total plant foods not colorectal risk, whereas a difference 10 g/d fiber intake associated with 33% risk. Average inversely refined grains positively stomach Low fruits however strongly correlated high grain consumption. Fruit but 25-year mortality among European smoking men. This association confined heavy cigarette smokers. Dutch men women aged 20-59, incidence, particularly adenocarcinomas. after adjustment for smoking. Adherence dietary guidelines incidence elderly Consumption recommended amount 38% while associated. Variety non-lung Plasma carotenoid concentrations only crude indicators usual 20-59. Plasmaβ-cryptoxanthin indicated vegetables, juices, lutein marker intake. Concentrations carotenoids coul d differ between all four quartiles During 1987/88-1997/98, mean (excluding juices) decreased 34 (12%) 23 (8%) women. lowest most those 19-35 low level education. Using computer simulation model, maximum theoretically reduction i.e., when would consume 400 grams daily, estimated be 14 22% group. Valid assessment intake, residual confounding by enough power study are major methodological concerns. recent cohort weaker associations observed compared earlier estimates. Taken evidence together, an inverse lung, colon/rectum is still indicated. There yet point specific or compounds as responsible actors.