Effects of Reinnervation of the Biarticular Shoulder-Elbow Muscles on Joint Kinematics and Electromyographic Patterns of the Feline Forelimb during Downslope Walking

摘要: Full recovery of the forelimb kinematics during level and upslope walking following reinnervation biarticular elbow extensor suggests that proprioceptive loss is compensated by other sensory sources or altered central drive, yet these findings have not been explored in downslope walking. Kinematics muscle activity shoulder locomotion feline long head triceps brachii (TLo) biceps (Bi) were evaluated (1) paralysis (2) after motor function was recovered but feedback permanently disrupted. The step cycle examined three conditions: (0%), -25% grade (-14° downslope) -50% (-26.6° downslope). Measurements taken prior to at time points (2 weeks, 1 12+ months) transecting suturing radial musculocutaneous nerves. There an increase yield (increased flexion) less duration flexion stance as increased. two notable periods eccentric contractions (active lengthening) providing apparent 'braking' action. Paralysis TLo Bi resulted uncompensated alterations shoulder-elbow phase. However, unlike case for conditions, both reinnervation, changes interjoint coordination persisted condition. lack complete term autogenic reflexes contribute importantly joint stiffness active lengthening.