Evaluation of microbial risks and faecal contamination of urine diverting sewage systems

摘要: Diversion of human and urine its subsequent use as a fertiliser on arable land has been promoted in Sweden, due to high content plant available nutrients. A hygienic risk may exist faecal cross-contamination low dilution. Field investigations laboratory experiments, however, show that this is the range median 0.8 (maximum 36) mg/l bulk liquid phase 54 3100) bottom sediment collected solution quantified with sterol coprostanol. This compound not degraded be used an indicator cumulative cross-contamination. The die-off E, coli well selected Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria rapid while enterococci persist for extended periods (Decimal reduction time, D=30 days) at 4°C. Cryptosporidium parvum had similar dieoff virus, RRV rotavirus, viral surrogate indicator, Salmonella typhimurium phage 28B, did any significant 4°C, but were slowly reduced 20°C. main pathogen transmission will linked presence viruses, counteracted by means storage application crops.