Genetic quality and sexual selection: an integrated framework for good genes and compatible genes.

摘要: Why are females so choosy when it comes to mating? This question has puzzled and marveled evolutionary behavioral ecologists for decades. In mating systems in which males provide direct benefits the female or her offspring, such as food shelter, answer seems straightforward — should prefer mate with that able more resources. The is less clear other no resources (other than sperm) females. Theoretical models account evolution of choice nonresource-based require obtain a genetic benefit through increased offspring fitness from their choice. Empirical studies nonresourcebased characterized by strong elaborate sexual traits (like large tail peacocks) suggest additive can explain only small percentage variation fitness. Other research on examined nonadditive effects another source potential this paper, we review selection literature quality address five objectives. First, attempt an integrated framework discussing quality. We propose term ‘good gene’ be used exclusively refer fitness, ‘compatible ‘genetic quality’ defined sum two effects. Second, empirical approaches calculate effect size discuss these context measuring good genes, compatible genes both types genes. Third, biological mechanisms acquiring promoting categorize into three stages during breeding: (i) precopulatory (mate choice); (ii) postcopulatory, prefertilization (sperm utilization); (iii) postfertilization (differential investment). Fourth, present verbal model population trade-offs might exist between Fifth, some future directions selection.