Trials, Tribulations, and Trends in Tumor Modeling in Mice:

摘要: Selection of mouse models cancer is often based simply on availability a strain and known compatible tumor. Frequently this results in use tumor long history but short homology quality control. Other factors including genetics, sex, immunological status, method site implantation, technical competence, biological activity the tumor, protocol sequence timing, selection endpoints interact to produce outcomes models. Common reliance survival burden data single model skews expectations towards high remission cure rates; finding seldom duplicated clinical trials. Inherent limitations coupled with advent new therapeutic targets reinforce need for careful attention design, conduct, stringent vivo ex endpoints. Preclinical efficacy testing anti-tumor therapies should progress through series increasing sophistication that includes incorporation genetically engineered animals, orthotopic combination therapy Pharmacology safety tumor-bearing animals may also help improve predictive value these efficacy. Trends bioinformatics, genetic refinements, specialized imaging techniques are helping maintain mice as most scientifically economically powerful malignant neoplasms.