Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: possible role of endocrine disrupters.

摘要: The testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) hypothesis proposes that the four conditions cryptorchidism, hypospadias, impaired spermatogenesis and testis cancer may all be manifestations of disturbed prenatal development. TDS is based on epidemiological, clinical molecular studies, suggestive an interrelation between different symptoms. aetiology suspected to related genetic and/or environmental factors, including endocrine disrupters. Few human studies have found associations/correlations disrupters, phthalates, components. However, for ethical reasons, evidence a causal relationship exposure inherently difficult establish in rendering recently developed animal model important tool investigating pathogenesis TDS. Clinically, most common manifestation probably reduced sperm concentration, whereas more severe form include high risk cancer. Clinicians should aware interconnection features TDS, inclusion programme early detection management infertile men with poor semen quality recommended.