Environmental risk limits for polychlorinated biphenyls in the Netherlands: Derivation with probabilistic food chain modeling

摘要: Environmental risk limits (ERLs) for individual congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB 77, 105, 118, 126, 153, 156, 157, and 169) are derived. After lipid normalization, toxicity data birds, mammals, aquatic organisms were converted to equivalent concentrations in soil or sediment organic carbon (OC). Accumulation the food chain was taken into account. Field-derived on environmental fate PCBs, e.g., biomagnification factors biota-to-sediment accumulation factors, used calculations. The variability these incorporated by using probabilistic techniques. Parameters that difficult measure hydrophobic compounds, such as bioconcentration factor sediment/water partition coefficient, avoided where possible. Probability distributions various species combined per congener when statistically appropriate; ERLs based fifth percentile distributions. Congener patterns occurring sediments invertebrates Netherlands determining a mixture ERL non- mono-ortho PCBs. PCB 118 selected guiding congener. If concentration is less than 5 μg/kg OC, Dutch ecosystems assumed be protected effects whole mono-ortho-substituted Concentrations associated with adverse field studies comparable would result if all present at level.