Structural remodeling in atrial fibrillation

摘要: Atrial fibrillation occurs and maintains itself in the context of a morphologically functionally altered atrial substrate that can be induced by stressors such as underlying diseases (cardiac or noncardiac) aging. The resultant structural remodeling is slow process progressively affects myocytes myocardial interstitium, takes place from early first days tachyarrhythmia. left atrium, particularly its posterior wall, location where concentrated to greatest extent. mechanisms underlie have not yet been completely elucidated, although experimental clinical investigations indicated number signaling systems, inflammation, oxidative stress, stretching ischemia factors involved cascade events leads fibrillation. aim this Review provide comprehensive overview morphological changes characterize fibrillating myocardium at histological ultrastructural levels, established hypothetical pathogenetic remodeling. This article also highlights emerging therapies being developed prevent progression