摘要: Active volcanoes occur in at least two fundamentally different tectonic settings. Taphrogenic are aligned along the mid-ocean fracture system which is characterized by a broad ridge of rugged relief, «tensional» horizontal stress components perpendicular to ridge, shallow earthquakes zone vertically beneath crest, thin normal occanic crust and low seismic velocities uppermost mantle, positive free-air gravity anomalies, high heat flow. Orogenic mobile Pacific rim Indonesian archipelago double or single arcuate ridges with deep oceanic trench on convex side, compressional arcs, dipping from beyond, transitional crustal thicknesses velocities, parallel belts negative anomalies volcanic arc, flow trench.
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