Age-related macular degeneration: a new viewpoint.

摘要: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness in the United States. AMD can be categorized into an atrophic (dry) form and neovascular (wet, exudative) form. The involves alterations pigment distribution, loss RPE cells photoreceptors diminished retinal function due to overall atrophy cells. proliferation abnormal choroidal vessels, which penetrate Bruch's membrane layer subretinal space, thereby forming extensive clots and/or scars. Both environmental genetic factors are suspected play role AMD. Despite screening candidate genes only two associations have been identified with (Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette rim (ABCR) protein apolipoprotein E gene-ApoE). ABCR specific accounts for 3% cases. ApoE not retina, has more intriguingly associated Alzheimer's, another disease age. most consistent risk factor Our studies on ACE gene show association protection Alu element insert, might affecting level gene. 4 allele Alu+/+ genotype both shown Alzheimer's protective Given these recent associations, we should examine possible common pathways diseases age their interaction human polymorphisms.