Glyphosate Use Predicts ADHD Hospital Discharges in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Net (HCUPnet): A Two-Way Fixed-Effects Analysis

摘要: There has been considerable international study on the etiology of rising mental disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in human populations. As glyphosate is most commonly used herbicide world, we sought to test hypothesis that use agriculture may be a contributing environmental factor rise ADHD State estimates for and nitrogen fertilizer were obtained from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). We queried Healthcare Cost Utilization Project net (HCUPNET) state-level hospitalization discharge data all patients all-listed 2007 2010. rural-urban continuum codes USDA-Economic Research Service when exploring effect urbanization relationship between ADHD. Least squares dummy variable (LSDV) method within using two-way fixed effects was elucidate hospital discharges. show one kilogram increase use, particular, year significantly positively predicts discharges, expressed percent total following (coefficient = 5.54E-08, p<.01). A indicates marginally positive after multiple comparison correction only urban counties (p<.025). Furthermore, strongly associated with farm fertilizers 1992 2006 (p<.001). present evidence biomedical research literature plausible link among glyphosate, dysbiosis Glyphosate significant predictor state hospitalizations concentrated counties. This seen even controlling individual characteristics, strong correlations over time, other associations literature. draw upon econometric results propose unique mechanisms, borrowing principles soil atmospheric sciences, how glyphosate-based herbicides