Gene Therapy in Urology

摘要: Bladder cancer is the 7th most common worldwide. It has a natural history of superficial recurrences and local progression. estimated that within 18 months first diagnosis approximately 50% patients will have recurrence (Anderson & Naish 2008). Thus there need for frequent monitoring these patients. In US lifetime cost therapy bladder with non-muscle invasive disease was $21.03 million based on Medicare database (Cooksley et al. The majority this spent surveillance treatment recurrences. Tumors occur luminal surface architecture permits topical intravesical therapies. isolated from other organs tissues contact entire internal minimal systemic side-effects. present gold standard cancers immunotherapy Mycobacterium bovis, Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) following transurethral resection tumor (TURBT). BCG induces mononuclear neutrophilic infiltrate in wall which results an inflammatory response as measured by cytokine production causes sloughing both normal cells (Herr Morales presence IL-2, IL-8 IL-18 urine been reported to correlate (Thalmann 1997; Thalmann 2000; Saint 2003). Unfortunately, several shortcomings: it live vaccine commonly side effects occasionally septicemia. addition some (2042%) do not respond (Kamat Lamm 2000). place BCG, recombinant cytokines such IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 used number clinical trials encouraging (Glazier 1995; Den Otter 1998; Stavropoulos 2002). However, are costly, unstable poor permeability