Utilization of renewable and sustainable basic heterogeneous catalyst from Heteropanax fragrans (Kesseru) for effective synthesis of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil

摘要: Abstract This study explores the application and efficacy of green catalyst derived from Heteropanax fragrans in production Jatropha curcas biodiesel. The was prepared by calcination ash at 550 850 °C for 2 h. Powder-XRD, BET, FT-IR, FESEM, EDX, XPS HRTEM were employed characterization. characterization indicated that among various metals present, potassium found to be highest being 14.69 wt% UHC (uncalcined H. catalyst), 19.05 wt% CC-550 (catalyst calcined 550 °C), 19.27 wt% CC-850 850 °C). BET analysis UHC, showed appreciable surface areas 96.57, 27.50, 78.45 m2 g−1, respectively. with basic character (pH value = 12.89 1:5 w/v) is exhibiting better performance producing a high biodiesel yield 97.75% 65 min TOF (Turnover frequency) 35.55 min−1 compared (96.58%, 115 min) (96.61%, 110 min) 27.71 29.47 min−1, respectively optimum experimental conditions 12:1 MTOR (methanol oil ratio), 7 wt% 65 °C. Hammett method stronger basicity (0.423 mmol/g) representing catalysis comparison (0.303 mmol/g) (0.298 mmol/g). reusable which could produce (90.22%) even 3rd reaction cycle. activation energy catalyzed synthesis 32.31 kJ mol−1. NMR, GC–MS techniques used characterize J. properties within limits international standards. an environmental-friendly, renewable, inexpensive highly efficient base catalyst. Thus, utilization this will add aspect biorefinery exploring sustainable raw materials overall capacity reduction biodiesel-cost.