Naturally Occurring Insecticidal Molecules as Candidates for Genetic Engineering

摘要: The use of persistent broad spectrum chemical insecticides has resulted in the development high levels insecticide resistance hundreds agriculturally and medically important insect pests (see reviews by Metcalf 1980; Georghiou 1986). Ever increasing doses are needed for effective control, compounding problems residues environmental safety. Biological methods control (which will be defined here as living organisms to pests), such fungi, viruses, bacteria, nematodes autocidal (e.g., sterile release), have many advantages over methods. Many specific a small number pest species which gives them level Since they organisms, some biological can produced cheaply and, if established environment, provide sustained with little or no reapplication. Furthermore, microbial compatible Integrated Pest Management (IPM).