Risks and management of radiation exposure.

摘要: High-energy ionizing radiation is harmful. Low-level exposure sources include background, occupational, and medical diagnostics. Radiation disaster incidents radioactive substance accidents nuclear power plant accidents. Terrorism international conflict could trigger intentional disasters that dispersion devices (RDD) (a dirty bomb), deliberate to industrial substances, sabotage, weapon detonation. Nuclear fissioning events such as detonation release fallout iodine 131, cesium 137, strontium 90, uranium, plutonium, many other isotopes. An RDD bomb likely spread only one substance, with the most being 137. Cobalt 60 90 are possibilities. In a disaster, stable patients should be decontaminated minimize further exposure. Potassium iodide (KI) useful for 131 Prussian blue (ferric hexacyanoferrate) enhances fecal excretion of via ion exchange. Ca-DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) Zn-DTPA form ionic complexes americium, curium, which excreted in urine. Amifostine chemical enzymatic repair damaged DNA. Acute sickness ranges severity from mild lethal, can assessed by nausea/vomiting onset/duration, complete blood cell count findings, neurologic symptoms.