作者: Daniel W. Smith , Diliana Stoimenova , Khadijah Eid , Al Barqawi
DOI: 10.1155/2012/587139
关键词:
摘要: Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among men in United States, second only to nonmelanomatous skin cancer. Since prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing came into widespread use late 1980s, there has been a sharp increase annual prostate incidence. Cancer-specific mortality, though, relatively low. The majority these will not progress mortal disease, yet who are diagnosed opt for treatment as opposed observation or active surveillance (AS). These thus burdened with morbidities associated aggressive treatments, commonly incontinence and erectile dysfunction, without receiving mortality benefit. It therefore necessary both continue investigating outcomes AS develop less invasive techniques those desire but significant potential quality-of-life side effects seen modalities. goals this paper discuss problems overdiagnosis overtreatment since advent PSA screening well targeted focal therapy (TFT) bridge gap between definitive therapies. Furthermore, patient selection criteria TFT, costs, effects, brachytherapy template-guided three-dimensional mapping biopsies (3DMB) tumor localization also be explored.