Tubal sterilization: focus on the U.S. experience

摘要: Objective To review the frequency, effectiveness, and clinical sequelae of tubal sterilization with a focus on U.S. experience. Design A health care statistics English-language literature using MEDLINE search, bibliographies key references, government publications. Patient(s) Women seeking sterilization. Intervention Tubal Main outcome measure(s) Effectiveness long-term risks benefits. Result(s) Half 700,000 annual bilateral sterilizations (TS) are performed postpartum half as ambulatory interval procedures. Eleven million women 15-44 years age rely TS for contraception. Failure rates vary by method one third or more resulting in ectopic pregnancy. Reversal is most successful after use methods that destroy least tube. Evidence menstrual hormonal disturbance weak, although some studies find higher hysterectomy among previously sterilized women. Decreased risk subsequent ovarian cancer has been observed Conclusion(s) highly effective safe. Failures, uncommon, occur at than appreciated. changes due to weak. associated decreased cancer.