Where movement happens: scale-dependent landscape effects on genetic differentiation in the European tree frog

摘要: Functional connectivity among fragmented populations depends on the landscape matrix between occupied habitat patches and its effect frequency of animal movement gene flow. The quantification effects flow should therefore be scale-dependent. Here, we explored impact different spatial scales in a genetic analysis European tree frog Hyla arborea Switzerland. We examined elements geographic distance differentiation at three classes reflecting varying frequencies movement. calculated pairwise FST-values assembled 16 within 1 km wide corridors all pairs breeding sites. Per class, computed multiple regression model with stepwise backward elimination permutation testing. At distances 2 km, had negative as such forests roads. In general, hedgerows various structure-rich positively affected As found distinct scale-dependent flow, future studies analyse variables dimensions relevant for dispersal study organisms. Corresponding also carefully consider correlations tested preferentially replicate their landscape-level order to avoid idiosyncratic results owing particular scale studied.