摘要: The sections in this article are Introduction Indirect Electrooxidation Indirect Oxidation with Halide Ions Chloro Cation [CI]+-assisted Indirect Oxidation Bromo [Br]+-assisted Oxidation Indirect [I]+ and IO4− as Electron Carriers Indirect Organic Mediators Mediators Containing Sulfur Selenium Elements Mediators Nitrogen Indirect Other Redox Systems Metal Ion-assisted Metal Ion Systems Indirect Nickel (Ni) Cobalt (Co) Compounds Iron (Fe) Complex-assisted Chromic Acid [Cr(VI)] Palladium (Pd)-assisted Oxidation Ruthenium (Ru)-assisted Oxidation Osmium (Os)-assisted Manganese [Mn(III)] Indirect Cerium (Ce) Complexes Copper (Cu) Silver (Ag)-assisted Oxidation Thallic [Tl(III)]-assisted Oxidation Indirect Electroreduction Indirect Reduction Mediators Nickel, Cobalt, Iron Nickel Complex Mediators Cobalt Mediators Iron Mediators Indirect Palladium, Rhodium, Iridium, Platinum Palladium (Pd) Mediators Platinum (Pt) Mediators Rhodium Iridium Ruthenium Osmium Ruthenium (Ru) Mediators Osmium (Os) Chromium, Molybdenum, Tungsten Chromium (Cr) Mediators Molybdenum (Mo) Mediators Tungsten (W) Rhenium Manganese (Mn) Mediators Rhenium (Re) Titanium, Tin, Lead Titanium (Ti) Mediators Tin (Sn) Mediators Lead (Pb) Zinc (Zn), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd) Indirect Selenides (Se) or Tellurides (Te) Indirect Miscellaneous Complexes Samarium (Sm) Indium (In) Mediators Antimony (Sb) Bismuth (Bi) Mediators Copper