作者: Kei Kobayashi , Hirofumi Yamada
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15588-3_19
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摘要: Recent progress in frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) working liquids has allowed us to directly investigate a wide variety of physical, chemical and biological processes at molecular scale, including various “in vivo” interactions. In particular, two/three-dimensional (2D/3D) mapping based on quantitative FM-AFM measurements been applied solid-liquid interface studies scale. this chapter, after brief overview liquids, crucial conditions required for measurement are described. addition we show the applications 2D/3D visualization molecular-scale hydration structures as well that local electric double layer forces. Finally high-resolution images molecules such double-helix structure DNA immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody obtained quasi-physiological environments presented.