Recombination within the Pandemic Norovirus GII.4 Lineage

摘要: Norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis globally. Since 1996, NoV variants a single genetic lineage, GII.4, have been associated with at least six pandemics acute and caused between 62 80% all outbreaks. The emergence these novel GII.4 has attributed to rapid evolution antigenic variation in response herd immunity; however, contribution recombination as mechanism facilitating increasingly evident. In this study, we sought examine role that intragenotype played variants. Using genome-wide approach including 25 complete genome sequences generated part 11 breakpoints were identified within lineage. located three hot spots: near open reading frame 1/2 (ORF1/2) ORF2/3 overlaps, well ORF2, which encodes capsid, junction shell protruding domains. Importantly, show contributed recent pandemic variant, New Orleans 2009, newly termed Sydney 2012. Reconstructing evolutionary history lineage reveals widespread impact both inter- on many Lastly, study highlights challenges identification true events proposes guidelines be applied for identifying recombinants.