Deep-Sea Carnivorous Sponges From the Mariana Islands

作者: Jon Thomassen Hestetun , Hans Tore Rapp , Shirley Pomponi

DOI: 10.3389/FMARS.2019.00371

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摘要: Abstract Carnivorous sponges belonging to family Cladorhizidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) are unique within phylum Porifera due their ability capture and envelop small prey. While other use an aquiferous system filter water, the of cladorhizids is partially reduced or completely absent. can be found worldwide at all depths, but more common in deep sea, where oligotrophic conditions containing less suspended particles may favor a carnivorous feeding strategy. Here, we provide formal descriptions eight cladorhizid sponge species from 1229–5813 m depth collected as part NOAA 2016 Deepwater Exploration Marianas with ship Okeanos Explorer (EX1605) during investigation bathyal abyssal seafloor off Northern Mariana Islands Guam: harp Chondrocladia (Symmetrocladia) lyra, (Chondrocladia) coronata sp. nov., Lycopodina subtile Abyssocladia fryerae kellyae marianensis stegosaurensis nov. villosa We also phylogenetic analysis showing systematic position described species. Our results show that deep-sea contains diverse previously virtually unknown fauna. The examined display similarities parts Pacific, add considerably available information for genus Abyssocladia. high number new consistent recent publications Pacific Indian Ocean, shows despite sampling efforts, fauna these areas remains very poorly investigated. Additional effort will probability yield both additional better understanding biogeographical distribution already known cladorhizids.

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