Sustainable and scalable natural fiber welded palladium-indium catalysts for nitrate reduction

摘要: Abstract In this work, we demonstrate the production of reactive, robust, sustainable catalysts for water treatment created through Natural Fiber Welding (NFW) lignocellulose-supported palladium-indium (Pd-In) nanoparticles onto linen yarns. First, Pd-In were synthesized by incipient wetness ball-milled powders linen. Our process preserved lignocellulose, yielding small (5–10 nm), near-spherical crystalline alloy and a uniform metal composition throughout fibers. Nitrate reduction tests identified existence an optimum catalyst (5 wt% Pd 1.2 wt% with respect to lignocellulose) maximum reactivity; most reactive was 10 times more than best performing Pd-Cu deposited on lignocellulose using same approach. This improved performance likely due distribution alloyed support. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling aged showed that they remained stable lost no reactivity during extended storage in air at room temperature. Next, optimized fiber-welded yarns, custom-built yarn-coating system novel, scalable controlled loading, delivering coating yarn surface. integrated into novel reactor evaluated four months 180 h nitrate ultrapure water. During evaluation, maintained their negligible leaching. When tested raw or (partially) treated drinking wastewater, robust stable, not significantly impacted constituents complex waters (e.g. alkalinity, organic matter). research demonstrates innovative, approach NFW design implement enhanced capable purification chemistries.