Periodicities in solar activity and their signature in the terrestrial environment

摘要: Solar output and activity exhibit periodic variations in a wide range of time scales. Investigation the patterns these periodicities their evolution, at various regions Sun, interplanetary medium Earth, can reveal different aspects solar terrestrial relation. Identification may also provide tool for space weather prediction. Some periods parameters are present intermittently some vary with time. These separated into short-term, mid-term long-term types depending on length periods. Short term evolution attributed to rotation, active outflow wind. Rapid dominant surface successive Carrington rotations cause wider spectral lines. The widths short narrow IMF components wind sunspots. period oscillations more pronounced during sunspot maximum numbers. In parameters, they stronger declining phase cycle, since magnetic fields better organized long lived this period. periods, 154 d 1.3 y observed show how differential rotation dynamo linked surface, parameters. investigation semiannual annual reveals geoeffectiveness structures causing geomagnetic relative roles dipole Rosenberg-Coleman effect Russell-McPherron effect. Though most prominent periodicity is 16 global cycle has its signature wind, activity. ionosperic found respond exhibited by plasma.