Cardiac output, at rest and during exercise, before and during myocardial ischemia, reperfusion, and infarction in conscious mice

摘要: Multiple systems and regulatory strategies interact to control cardiac homeostasis. In fact, regulated systems, feedback controls, redundant mechanisms dominate in whole animals. Accordingly, molecular cellular tools techniques must be utilized complex models with multiple fully appreciate the physiological context. Currently, these are mainly performed under conditions remote from normal vivo condition; thus, extrapolation of changes situation facilitation translational aspect findings limited. A major obstacle has been reliance on preparations that do not mimic clinical or situation. This is particularly true regarding measurements function mice. To address concerns, we used a permanently implanted Doppler ultrasonic flow probe ascending aorta coronary artery occluder for repeated aortic blood (cardiac output) conscious mice, at rest during exercise, before occlusion/reperfusion infarction. The mouse model permits detailed monitoring within-animal myocardial ischemia, reperfusion, infarction an intact, free confounding influences anesthetics, surgical trauma, restraint stress. Results this study suggest previous protocols may have overestimated resting baseline values underestimated output reserve. Using procedures currently available spontaneous engineered mutants potential importance advancing concepts methods drive cardiovascular research.