Rapid selection response to ethanol in S. eubayanus emulates the domestication process under brewing conditions

摘要: ABSTRACT Although the typical genomic and phenotypic changes that characterize evolution of organisms under human domestication syndrome represent textbook examples rapid evolution, molecular processes underpin such are still poorly understood. Domesticated yeasts for brewing, where short generation times large plasticity were attained in a few generations selection, prime examples. To experimentally emulate lager yeast process, we created genetically complex (panmictic) artificial population multiple Saccharomyces eubayanus genotypes, one parents yeast. Then imposed constant selection regime high ethanol concentration 10 replicated populations during 260 (six months) compared them with evolved controls exposed solely to glucose. Evolved exhibited differential 60% growth rate ethanol, mostly explained by proliferation single lineage (CL248.1) competitively displaced all other clones. Interestingly, outcome does not require entire time course adaptation, as four lineages monopolized culture at 120. Sequencing demonstrated de novo genetic variants produced lines, including SNPs, aneuploidies, INDELs, translocations. In addition, showed correlated responses resembling syndrome: rearrangements, faster fermentation rates, lower production phenolic-off flavors volatile compound complexity. Expression profiling beer wort revealed altered expression levels genes related methionine metabolism, flocculation, stress tolerance diauxic shift, likely contributing higher populations. Our study shows experimental can rebuild brewing process “fast motion” wild yeast, also provides powerful tool studying genetics adaptation