Global nitrogen and sulfur inventories for oceangoing ships

摘要: We present geographically resolved global inventories of nitrogen and sulfur emissions from international maritime transport for use in atmospheric models. Current globally sources natural anthropogenic do not include the significant contribution SO2 or NOx oceangoing ships [Benkovitz et al., 1996]. estimate inventory ship emissions, using current emission test data [Carlton 1995] a fuel-based approach similar to that used automobile [Singer Harley, This study estimates 1993 annual be 3.08 teragrams (Tg, 1012 g) as N 4.24 Tg S, respectively. Nitrogen are shown account more than 14% all fossil fuel combustion, exceed 5% emitted by combustion including coal. Ship correspond about 20% biogenic dimethylsulfide (DMS) emissions. In regions Northern Hemisphere, can same order magnitude flux DMS [Chin Monthly presented this paper characterized on 2° × resolution. Temporal spatial characteristics presented. Uncertainty is assessed: fifth ninety-fifth percentile values 2.66 4.00 N, respectively; 3.29 S 5.61 suggest these inventories, available via Emissions Assessment (SEA) web site, models along with Global Inventory Activity (GEIA) land-based modeled ocean-biogenic DMS.