Hormonal and Neurotransmitter Roles for Angiotensin in the Regulation of Central Autonomic Function

摘要: In this review we present the case for both hormonal and neurotransmitter actions of angiotensin II (ANG) in control neuronal excitability a simple neural pathway involved central autonomic regulation. We will single-cell whole-animal data highlighting roles ANG controlling subfornical organ (SFO) neurons. More controversially also role SFO neurons identified paraventricular nucleus (PVN) hypothalamus. highlight similarities between on these two populations an attempt to emphasize that whether call such "hormonal" or "neurotransmitter" is largely semantic. fact definitions only refer method delivery chemical messenger, ANG, its cellular site action, AT1 receptor. described some novel concepts may underlie synthesis, metabolic processing, co-transmitter pathway. hope suggestions lead ultimately development broader guiding principles enhance our understanding multiplicity physiological uses single messengers.