The Anti-Infectious Role of Sphingosine in Microbial Diseases

摘要: Sphingolipids are important structural membrane components and, together with cholesterol, often organized in lipid rafts, where they act as signaling molecules many cellular functions. They play crucial roles regulating pathobiological processes, such cancer, inflammation, and infectious diseases. The bioactive metabolites ceramide, sphingosine-1-phosphate, sphingosine have been shown to be involved the pathogenesis of several microbes. In contrast which promotes bacterial viral infections (for instance, by mediating adhesion internalization), sphingosine, is released from ceramide activity ceramidases, kills bacterial, viral, fungal pathogens. particular, an natural component defense against pathogens respiratory tract. Pathologically reduced levels cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells normalized inhalation coating plastic implants prevents infections. Pretreatment exogenous also spike protein severe acute syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) interacting host cell receptors inhibits propagation herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) macrophages. Recent examinations reveal that bactericidal effect might due permeabilization subsequent death bacteria.