Predation and reduced grazing interact to reduce recruitment and population growth in Black Brant

摘要: ABSTRACT Dynamics of avian populations may be governed by a complex interaction between immediate effects predation and longer-term trophic feedbacks individuals their foods. We used long-term study uniquely marked Black Brant geese (Branta bernicla nigricans) to estimate recruitment into the breeding population. related nest success, which directly affects 2 3 years later. also assessed similarly time-lagged relationships number nests in colony, measure local density, pre-fledging first-year survival, latter is strongly influenced growth conditions food availability for young year. recruits explanatory variables sets models, either included or excluded linear trend across numbers recruits. The best-performing models each model set explained substantial proportion variation recrui...